4/17/2023 0 Comments Naval vessel meaningThe broadside arrangement of guns was not compatible with the use of oars, and the oars themselves were made unnecessary by developments in the art of sailing. The form of warships for several hundred years to come was determined in the 16th and 17th centuries, when oar propulsion was replaced by arrays of sails and when cannons were mounted on ships. From then the scene of naval activity changed, and ships and fleets took upon themselves a new form, one fit for ocean sailing and fighting. The oar-propelled galleys of the Mediterranean navies made their last great appearance in history at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). In the Middle Ages several Italian republics and monarchial states bordering on the Mediterranean possessed appreciable fleets. After the disorganization of the Byzantine Empire by Turkish invasions in the 12th century, the Byzantine navy withered. It consisted of an imperial fleet and of provincial squadrons. The navy of the Byzantine Empire reached a high state of efficiency under the sovereigns of the Macedonian dynasty (867–1056). The Roman navy included two main fleets and was always highly organized, with a body of soldiers, the classici, specially assigned for service afloat. The Roman Republic and Empire had to maintain a fleet not only to neutralize the threat arising from rival sea powers but also to deal with the piracy prevalent in the Mediterranean and with the consequent safeguarding of trade routes. These great rowing galleys relied for their offensive powers on boarding or ramming, and they were used in great numbers in the Mediterranean as the war fleets of the armed forces of Athens, Alexander the Great, Carthage, Rome, Byzantium, the Italian republics, the Arabs, and Aragon. The result was that the personnel provided to man a fleet of those times had to be a considerable one. The most ancient warships were many- oared galleys, each ship requiring a large number of rowers. The craft used in early naval warfare were at first vessels used for commerce or fishing, but later special types of craft specifically designed for war assumed a recognized place in the armouries of many peoples. In early history the armed men of a tribe or town put to sea in such large boats or ships as might be available to give battle to enemies similarly equipped or to raid territory from the sea. For the history of naval tactics and strategy, see War, Theory and Conduct of: Naval tactics.īy All Military Meanings Necessary: Vocab Quiz For full treatment of the history, types, and technological development of naval ships and craft, see War, Technology of: Naval ships and craft. Denial of the sea deprives enemy merchant vessels and warships of safe navigation of the seas.Ī brief historical treatment of Western navies follows. Control of the sea enables a nation and its allies to carry on maritime commerce, amphibious assaults, and other seaborne operations that may be essential in wartime. Their two chief functions are to achieve sea control and sea denial. Naval ships are the chief means by which a nation extends its military power onto the seas. There is also, necessarily, a vast organization for the administration and upkeep of these warships. A large modern navy includes aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, frigates, submarines, minesweepers and minelayers, gunboats, and various types of support, supply, and repair ships, as well as naval bases and ports. Navy, a nation’s warships and craft of every kind maintained for fighting on, under, or over the sea. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.
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